2023 Correct Practice Tests of L4M7 Dumps with Practice Exam
Certification Sample Questions of L4M7 Dumps With 100% Exam Passing Guarantee
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NEW QUESTION 24
XYZ Ltd is a retailer in the US. Their customers' demand for Thanksgiving and Christmas decora-tions usually rises in the end of the year. This irregular demand results in more required storage space for finished goods during peak seasons. Which of the following are possible solutions for dealing with required additional space?
1. Maximising aisle width
2. Keeping high buffer stock throughout the year
3. Maximising flexibility in warehouse layout
4. Installing mezzanine floor
- A. 2 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 3 and 4 only
- D. 1 and 3 only
Answer: C
Explanation:
Possible solutions to the high irregular or seasonal demand problems are listed below:
* Take advantage of the height of the warehouse
- Mezzanine floor
- High racking system (increase storage capacity but require high-reach material handling equip-ment)
* Eliminate dead stock or inventory
* Improve material flow
* Improve storage location method
* Consider using aisle space during demand peak
* Narrow aisles between racks (require narrow handling equipment)
* Carousel-type storage system
* Auto-storage and retrievals system (ASRS)
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 25
Which of the following statements about radio frequency identification (RFID) is NOT true?
- A. RFID tags contain a microchip in which data of an item are saved
- B. RFID systems can be complied with GS1 standards
- C. RFID is a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain
- D. RFID systems transmit radio signals over extreme long distances.
Answer: D
Explanation:
RFID tags have very limited range. The following table was extracted from Wikipedia:
RFID tags can be used to do the following:
- Track individual items
- Track boxes of products, cages of products and pallet
- Track containers with multiple loads
- Locate equipment within a building
- Trigger alarms should equipment or stock be removed without authorisation.
RFID tags are made of three different components: an RFID chip, which is an integrated circuit (IC), an antenna, and a substrate. RFID chips are very small integrated circuit incorporating a small memory capability - many are smaller than 2mm square and 2mm thick. Despite its size, many can hold 2000 characters of data. Many retailers simply use the tag as a thick label and print both sides with product information and perhaps a barcode.
It is important to note that there are multiple standards in use for RFID - some of these are standardised for industries but there are also national standards in operations. These standards need to be investigated before investment as not all readers work with all cards. GS1 is a non-for-profit organisation which make the standards for barcodes and RFID.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 26
Manufacturing resources planning (MRP II) was developed from material requirement planning (MRP). Which of the following is the additional input that is available in MRP II but does not ap-pear in MRP?
- A. Master production schedule
- B. Inventory records
- C. Finance
- D. Bill of materials
Answer: C
Explanation:
MRP I was some of the first business software to be widely adopted during the 1970s. Manufacturers sought these systems in order to improve efficiency and accuracy when it came to basic processes such as production scheduling and inventory management.
By the 1980s, manufacturers realized they needed software that could also tie into their accounting systems and forecast inventory requirements. Enter MRP II, which included these integrations in addition to all the capabilities offered by MRP I. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software features-which we'll cover later on-are included in the following table for comparison.
Reference:
- MRP vs. MRP II: What's the Difference?
- CIPS study guide page 118-119
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 27
The ABC approach involves classifying inventory items by unit cost, with expensive items classi-fied as 'A' items and low cost items classified as 'C' items. Is this statement true?
- A. Yes, 'C' items with the lowest unit prices are the tail spends
- B. No, ABC analysis considers the supply risks associated with an inventory item
- C. No, ABC analysis considers the usage of each inventory item
- D. Yes, 'A' items represent approximately 20% of total unit prices
Answer: C
Explanation:
ABC analysis is an approach for classifying inventory items based on the items' consumption val-ues. Consumption value is the total value of an item consumed over a specified time period, for example a year. The approach is based on the Pareto principle to help manage what matters and is applied in this context:
- A items are goods where annual consumption value is the highest. Applying the Pareto principle (also referred to as the 80/20 rule where 80 percent of the output is determined by 20 percent of the input), they comprise a relatively small number of items but have a relatively high consumption value. So it's logical that analysis and control of this class is relatively intense, since there is the greatest potential to reduce costs or losses.
- B items are interclass items. Their consumption values are lower than A items but higher than C items. A key point of having this interclass group is to watch items close to A item and C item classes that would alter their stock management policies if they drift closer to class A or class C. Stock management is itself a cost. So there needs to be a balance between controls to protect the asset class and the value at risk of loss, or the cost of analysis and the potential value returned by reducing class costs. So, the scope of this class and the inventory management policies are determined by the estimated cost-benefit of class cost reduction, and loss control systems and processes.
- C items have the lowest consumption value. This class has a relatively high proportion of the total number of lines but with relatively low consumption values. Logically, it's not usually cost-effective to deploy tight inventory controls, as the value at risk of significant loss is relatively low and the cost of analysis would typically yield relatively low returns.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 28
Among different types of costs associated with inventory, the opportunity cost of the investment tied up in inventory belongs to which of the following?
- A. Acquisition costs
- B. Holding costs
- C. Costs of stockouts
- D. Purchase price
Answer: B
Explanation:
Direct and indirect costs of holding inventory include the following:
- Acquisition costs
- Holding costs: There are 2 different types of holding costs: costs related to the value of the goods (including opportunity costs, costs of insurance, losses due to product deterioration, etc) and costs related to the physical characteristics of this inventory.
- Costs of stockouts
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 29
A logistics company has a 2-story warehouse in the suburban are
a. The goods receiving area and dispatch area are located on the ground floor only. There is a lift connecting the two floors. The daily operations of the warehouse are quite busy. Which of the following would the best arrangement for this warehouse?
- A. Small items in tote boxes will be stored on the ground floor with forklifts and other equipment, high-usage palletised items will be stored on the first floor
- B. Forklifts and other warehouse equipment will park on the ground floor, all inventories will be stored on the first floor
- C. Pallets, roller cages and other bulky items will be stored on the ground floor, smaller items in plastic tote boxes will be stored on the first floor
- D. Medium- to low-usage palletised items will be stored on the ground floor, high-usage items will be stored on the first floor where the building administrative office is located
Answer: C
Explanation:
The purposes of a warehouse are to keep the inventories in good condition and to ensure that the operations is smooth. In the scenario, the warehouse has 2 stories, with goods-in and goods-out areas located on the ground floor and a lift connecting the stories. The lift could become a bottleneck if the goods inside the warehouse are not well-arranged.
Since the lift is often small with limited load capacity, putting heavy bulk items on the first floor will cause bottleneck and increase the chance of accidents. Therefore, palletised items (even they have low-usage) should be placed on the ground floor. Smaller and lighter items should be stored on the first floor.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 30
Which of the following are subjective forecasting techniques? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Cycle counting
- B. Delphi method
- C. Pareto principle
- D. Test marketing
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Weighted moving average
Explanation:
The most common subjective forecasting techniques include the following:
- Market surveys
- Employee surveys
- Expert knowledge (Delphi method is a method using expert knowledge)
- Test marketing
Cycle counting is a periodic analysis of inventory in a storage location which is conducted through the counting of samples instead of physically counting the entire inventory available, so as to quickly have an accurate estimate of the inventory available without causing a stop to the day to day working as is the case with physically counting every unit.
The Pareto principle (also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of fac-tor sparsity) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
Weighted moving averages assign a heavier weighting to more current data points since they are more relevant than data points in the distant past. The sum of the weighting should add up to 1 (or 100 percent).
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 31
Ranger Mobile Ltd is a emerging smartphone manufacturer. The manufacturer adopts the just-in-time method: First, the customers make orders, then it will decide which components to be pur-chased according to the bill of materials. These components are known as which of the following?
- A. Capital goods
- B. Dependent demand items
- C. Independent forecast items
- D. Indirect items
Answer: B
Explanation:
Dependent demand is the requirement for stock item which is directly related to and therefore de-pendent upon the rate of production (examples are: raw materials, components, energy). The com-ponents in the scenario are dependent demand items.
Independent demand is the requirement for stock item which is not directly related to, and is therefore independent of rate of production.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 32
International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique international identification system for each product form or edition of a monographic publication published or produced by a specific publisher. ISBN is an example of...?
- A. Check digit
- B. Harmonized system
- C. Own product code system
- D. Industry standard code
Answer: D
Explanation:
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. ISBN is standardised by ISO 2108:2017. ISBN is an example of industry standard code as it applies to commercial books around the world.
Check digits are additional numbers or characters added to codes that a computer uses to verify the number is valid. The intention is to reduce the likelihood of miskeying an item and hitting an alternative live item. More often, a system is devised which a computer can calculate using combination of numbers.
Own product code system: an organisation will use its own product code system. This has the ad-vantage that the organisation can construct a code that is effective and fits with its software and variety of items covered.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. It came into effect in 1988 and has since been developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO) (formerly the Customs Co-operation Council), an independent intergovernmental organization based in Brussels, Belgium, with over 200 member countries.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 33
An organisation may incur additional costs in stockout events. Which of the following is an exam-ple of costs of inventory stockouts?
- A. The costs of storage space owned that cannot be used for other profitable purposes when inventories decrease
- B. The lost contribution margin on sales forgone as a result of customer dissatisfaction due to unavailability of goods
- C. The costs of obsolescence and costs of insurance that change with the quantity of in-ventory held
- D. The return forgone by investing capital in inventory rather than elsewhere
Answer: B
Explanation:
Stockout is a situation where an inventory item is not available when required. The costs associated with a stockout include the following:
- Lost of production output - there will be no production until the stockout is resolved (new stock is acquired). For factory operating 24/7 with no spare capacity, this lost output will not be able to be recovered.
- Costs of machine downtime and of overhead spread over a reduced level of output
- Costs of any action required to deal with the stockout...
- Loss of customer goodwill through inability to supply or late delivery
- Loss of sales or new orders
- Loss of market creditability
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 34
Extra units that are held in inventory to reduce the risks of stock-out are called...?
- A. Reorder point
- B. Demand variance
- C. Just-in-time
- D. Safety stock
Answer: D
Explanation:
The safety stock (or buffer stock) is the stock level that limits stock shortages due to unforeseen events (forecasts not in line with demand, longer than expected supply time, etc...) Demand variance is the degree to which the demand in a fixed period deviates from the average demand of the same period.
A reorder point is the unit quantity on hand that triggers the purchase of a predetermined amount of replenishment inventory.
The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 35
Decommissioning, removal and disposal of assets may have impact on the environment. An organisation should have policies and procedures in place to enhance its environmental performance. Which standard family provides the guidance on environmental policies and procedures?
- A. ISO 27000 family
- B. ISO 14000 family
- C. ISO 22000 family
- D. ISO 9000 family
Answer: B
Explanation:
The ISO 14000 family of standards are developed by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 and its various subcommittees. For a full list of published standards in the series see their standards catalogue. ISO 14001 provides requirements with guidance for use that relate to environmental systems. Other standards in the family focus on specific approaches such as audits, communications, labelling and life cycle analysis, as well as environmental challenges such as climate change.
ISO 27000 family of standards concerns information technology, with the goal of improving security and protecting company assets. Started in 2005, the two most popular standards are ISO 27001:2013 and 27002:2013. 27001 is management-based system, whereas 27002 is a technical document, focused on the individual and putting a code of conduct in place. Organizations can choose either standard; ISO 27001 has over 22,000 certifications worldwide. It is a broad standard, and for this reason the certification can be customized to fit the needs of the organization, and is not mandatory.
ISO 22000 sets out the requirements for a food safety management system and can be certified to it. It maps out what an organization needs to do to demonstrate its ability to control food safety hazards in order to ensure that food is safe. It can be used by any organization regardless of its size or position in the food chain.
ISO 9001 is a family of quality management standards, there are fourteen in total. Of these, ISO 9001:2015 is the only one that can be certified to. It was first published in 1987, and has since been updated about every 7 years. The standard details how to put a Quality Management System (QMS) in place to better prepare your organization to produce quality products and services. It is customer focused, and places an emphasis on continuous improvement and top management processes that extended throughout the organization.
Reference:
- ISO website
- Top 10 Most Popular ISO Standards
- CIPS study guide page 193
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION 36
A retailer wants to improve its service level in inventory management from 95% to 97%. Which of the following is the best course of action?
- A. Holding more cycle stock
- B. Decreasing safety stock
- C. Expanding replenishment lead time
- D. Increasing safety stock
Answer: B
Explanation:
For single items, an extra investment in inventory (higher levels of safety stock) will always in-crease customer service levels. Conversely, higher service levels imply larger quantities of safety stocks and an increased investment in inventory. (Procurement and Supply Chain Management - 9th Edition) Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 37
Which of the following are main objectives of warehouse operations? Select TWO that apply.
- A. To create sufficient space for redundant stock
- B. To ensure stock available when customers demand
- C. To generate check digits for a product code
- D. To maintain the highest level of buffer stock
- E. To minimise stock loss and deterioration
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
The purposes of stores and warehouses are:
1. Maximum use of space.
2. Ready access to all items.
3. Efficient movement of goods.
4. Effective utilization of labour & equipment's
5. Maximum protection of items
6. Good-house-keeping.
Reference:
- Warehousing: Meaning, Objectives and Functions
- CIPS study guide page 3
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 38
One of the important outputs of an MRP system is the material requirement plan. This plan shows the net requirements for materials or components to make the final product. Which of the following best describes the net material requirements?
- A. Gross requirements + on-order - Inventory on-hand
- B. On order + Inventory on-hand
- C. Total requirements - order releases + amount on-hand
- D. Gross requirements - Inventory level - Scheduled receipt
Answer: D
Explanation:
The net requirements are worked out using the following equation:
Net requirements = Total requirements - Available inventory
Where:
Total requirements = Gross requirements
Available inventory = Inventory on-hand + Units on-order
In the other words: Net requirements = Gross requirements - Inventory on-hand - Units on-order Inventory on-hand is also known as Inventory level, whereas Units on-order can be called Scheduled receipt.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 39
GAP Ltd is a growing retail business. It spends a lot of money on buying stock for sale. However, the procurement process is still largely manual. This manual process contains a lot of tasks that are repeated for each procurement event and time consuming. The company management team decides to adopt procure-to-pay (P2P) software in order to eliminate duplicate activities and improve process efficiencies. Which type of cost is GAP targeting?
- A. Holding costs
- B. Acquisition costs
- C. Cost of stockouts
- D. Disposal costs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Costs of holding inventory include the following:
* Acquisition cost
* Inventory holding cost
* Costs of stock-outs
Acquisition costs follow the typical procure-to-pay model. Benefits of procure-to-Pay (P2P) software include:
- Vendor Management, which includes researching, selecting, engaging with, and evaluating the performance of suppliers who make up your supply chain.
- Purchase Requisition Workflows, or the formal process of creating and submitting a purchase requisition (PR) for approval to meet a specific business need.
- Purchase Order (PO) Workflows, covering the creation of a formal, detailed PO from the purchase requisition, including information on the quantity and quality of goods and services, as well as specific terms and conditions.
- Receiving, which includes the acceptance of physical goods (or review of quality and completion for services) and entering the accepted order into inventory, tracking, and accounting systems.
- Invoice Management, during which the invoice is compared to the original PO to verify pricing, quality, quantity, and terms have been met.
- Accounts Payable Workflows, wherein the accounts payable department processes the invoice for payment, submits the payment to the vendor, and reconciles any related financial entries in the accounting system.
The software is intended to help reduce the acquisition costs.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 40
Which is the best definition of reorder point?
- A. The level inventory at which an order must be made
- B. The point at which stock will fall to zero minus lead-time
- C. The point when one unit of stock remains in stock
- D. The point when stock reaches zero
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reorder point is the point either in time or in a process when the next order should be placed.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 41
Lean principle focuses on eliminating eight types of waste. Waste in Lean manufacturing is defined as...?
- A. Part of activity when operator is idle
- B. Non value-adding steps in a process
- C. Rejection of material because of quality related problems
- D. Part of any activity which is inevitable
Answer: B
Explanation:
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from work processes. Before diving into the 8 wastes, it is important to understand what waste is. Waste is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the customer. In other words, waste is any process that the customer does not want to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'. The 8th waste of non-utilized talent or 'Skills' of workers was later introduced in the 1990s when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western world. As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as 'TIMWOODS'.
Source: The lean way
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 42
Which of the following are most likely to be the purposes of packing and packaging?
1. To bring the product cost down
2. To protect the product
3. To improve the product recognition
4. To test the product durability
- A. 1 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 3 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: D
Explanation:
It would be really convenient if we could just hand our products directly to the customers, but that's not possible. Packaging needs to be done for several reasons. Here are some of the most prominent ones:
1. Safety: Packaging is used to keep your product safe from external factors. It also prevents human tampering. If you want to sell fruit juice, you just can't hand it over to customers. It should be packaged in something, like a stand up pouch.
2. Brand visibility: You provide the best product in your category and you want your customers to remember that. How else will you do that without using the right kind of creative food packaging?
3. Bundling it together: If you want to sell an ounce of something, you need to create a packet so that the right amount is bundled together.
4. Theft prevention: If you sell your product loose, there are chances that the retailer doesn't give the right amount to the customer and saves some part for himself. There are other cases too where theft can be done in the absence of packaging.
Apart from these four, there are many other reasons why you should package your products.
Reference:
- What Is the Purpose of Packaging?
- CIPS study guide page 62
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION 43
Company XYZ is a candy manufacturer. Company XYZ makes a batch of 1,000 Christmas candy canes that are no longer edible after December 31. Company XYZ is able to sell 750 canes of the batch, but the other 250 are sitting in the warehouse. December 31 comes, and these candy canes is no longer sell-able. The batch of 250 candy canes belongs to which type of inventory?
- A. Stockout
- B. Buffer stock
- C. Obsolete inventory
- D. Redundant inventory
Answer: C
Explanation:
Obsolescent stock is stock, usually finished goods, which is in good condition and satisfactory working but for which demand is irreversibly falling towards zero. Once this demand reaches zero the stock can be considered 'obsolete'. It cannot be used or sold in its current state. Food ingredients (like candy canes) which are out of date are another example.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 44
With D is the annual demand (units), S is cost per order, H is annual carrying cost per unit; the formula for Economic Order Quantity is....?
- A. √(2D*S/H)
- B. √(D*S/3H)
- C. √(D*S*H)
- D. √(D*S/2H)
Answer: A
Explanation:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 45
XYZ Ltd is a highly profitable leading industrial distributor with over 60,000 products and an enviable record for customer service. After undertaking preliminary discussions it was decided to analyse the value-adding activities that contribute to XYZ's flagship products. The company is conducting which of the following activities?
- A. Kanban
- B. Silo-working
- C. Postponement
- D. Value stream mapping
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to Hines and Rich, value stream refers to specific parts of the firms that actually add value to the specific product or service under consideration. XYZ Ltd is mapping the value stream by analysing the value-adding activities that contribute to their most important product.
Postponement is a business strategy which maximizes possible benefit and minimizes risk by delaying further investment into a product or service until the last possible moment. An example of this strategy is Dell Computers' build-to-order online store. One of the earliest references to the concept was in a paper by Zinn and Bowersox in the Journal of Business Logistics. They highlighted five types: Labelling, Packaging, Assembly, Manufacturing and Time postponements.
Kanban (signboard or billboard in Japanese) is a scheduling system for lean manufacturing and just-in-time manufacturing (JIT). Taiichi Ohno, an industrial engineer at Toyota, developed kanban to improve manufacturing efficiency. Kanban is one method to achieve JIT. The system takes its name from the cards that track production within a factory. For many in the automotive sector, kanban is known as the "Toyota nameplate system".
Put simply, silo working occurs when several departments or groups within that organisation do not want to share information or knowledge with other individuals they work with.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 46
Which of the following is the formula for calculating the re-order level?
- A. Required level of safety stock x Average usage in a lead-time.
- B. Average usage in a lead-time / Required level of safety stock
- C. Average usage in a lead-time + Required level of safety stock
- D. Required level of safety stock - Average usage in a lead-time
Answer: C
Explanation:
In management accounting, reorder level (or reorder point) is the inventory level at which a com-pany would place a new order or start a new manufacturing run.
Reorder level depends on a company's work-order lead time and its demand during that time and whether the company maintain a safety stock.
If a company maintains a safety stock, reorder level calculation changes are follows:
Reorder Level = Average Demand × Lead Time + Safety Stock
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 47
Objective forecasting techniques must be based on which of the following?
1. Opinions
2. Figures
3. Facts
4. Jugdement
- A. 1 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 3 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: D
Explanation:
Subjective forecasting uses qualitative methods (surveys, opinions) which relay on perception and opinion. Objective forecasting uses quantitative methods (facts and figures). Both methods have to make assumption about how closely (or not) the future will resemble the present and the past. Forecasting is never exact.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 48
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