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NEW QUESTION # 11
The following characteristics were identified during an early product risk-assessment for a software system:
* the software system needs to manage synchronization between various processes
* microcontrollers will be used that will limit product performance
* the hardware that will be used will make use of timeslots
* the number of tasks supported in parallel by the software system is large and are often highly complex.
Based on the information provided, which of the following non-functional test types is MOST appropriate to be performed?
- A. Portability testing
- B. Time-behaviour testing
- C. Maintainability testing
- D. Security testing
Answer: B
Explanation:
The characteristics listed in the question point towards the need to manage synchronization between processes and make efficient use of limited hardware resources, such as microcontrollers and timeslots. Additionally, the complexity and concurrency of tasks highlight the importance of the software's performance over time. Time-behaviour testing is the most appropriate non-functional test type to perform in this scenario as it focuses on evaluating the timing aspects of the system, such as response times, processing times, and throughput rates. It ensures that the system meets its time-related requirements, which is critical for systems reliant on synchronization and limited by hardware performance constraints.
NEW QUESTION # 12
Consider the code fragment provided below:
How many test cases are needed for the code fragment lines 26 - 37 to achieve 100% modified condition/decision coverage?
- A. 8 test cases
- B. 6 test cases
- C. 4 test cases
- D. 2 test cases
Answer: C
Explanation:
Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) requires each condition in a decision to be shown to independently affect the decision's outcome. For the code fragment provided, we have three independent conditions that need to be evaluated both as true and false. The minimum number of test cases needed to satisfy MC/DC for three conditions is four, which would allow each condition to be shown to independently affect the outcome of the decision.
NEW QUESTION # 13
A medical company has performed a safety criticality analysis using the IEC61508 standard. The software components to be developed have been categorized by Safety Integrity Level (SIL). Most components have been rated at SIL 1 or 2, and a few components at SIL 4.
After some discussions with the QA manager, the project has decided to adhere to the recommendations for test coverage provided by the IEC61508 standard.
Which level and type of test coverage should at least be used for the components rated at Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 2?
- A. 100% statement coverage
- B. 100% statement coverage and 100% decision coverage
- C. 100% statement coverage, 100% decision coverage and 100% MC/DC coverage
- D. 100% statement coverage, 100% decision coverage and 100% multiple condition coverage
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the context of software testing, different safety integrity levels (SIL) require different levels of rigor in testing. According to the IEC61508 standard, for software components rated at SIL 2, achieving 100% statement coverage and 100% decision coverage is recommended. Statement coverage ensures that every line of code is executed at least once during testing, while decision coverage ensures that every decision in the code (e.g., every branch of an IF statement) is executed on both the true and false sides. These coverage criteria ensure a thorough testing of the software components to validate that they behave correctly in all circumstances. Multiple condition coverage and MC/DC coverage (Options A and B) are more rigorous and typically required for higher SIL levels, such as SIL 4.
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following defect types is NOT an example of a defect type typically found with API testing?
- A. Data handling issues
- B. High architectural structural complexity
- C. Loss of transactions
- D. Timing problems
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the context of API testing, the defect types generally found are related to the specific interactions with the API, such as issues with data formatting, handling, validation, and the sequencing or timing of API calls. Architectural structural complexity is not typically a defect that would be identified at the API testing level. API tests are concerned with the interface and immediate integration points, not the overarching system architecture, which would be more relevant to design or system-level testing.
NEW QUESTION # 15
Consider the code fragment provided below:
The comment frequency of the code fragment is 13%.
To which non-functional quality characteristic does a good level of comment frequency especially contribute?
- A. Portability
- B. Usability
- C. Maintainability
- D. Performance Efficiency
Answer: C
Explanation:
The comment frequency in a code fragment relates to the number of comments in relation to the code size. A good level of comment frequency can significantly contribute to the maintainability of the software. Maintainability is a non-functional quality characteristic that refers to the ease with which a software system can be modified to correct defects, update features, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. Comments in the code help developers understand the logic, purpose, and functionality of the code, which is crucial when modifications are required. This does not directly contribute to portability, usability, or performance efficiency, which are concerned with different aspects of the software's operation and user interaction.
NEW QUESTION # 16
A software company based in Spain that develops mobile applications expects many small updates in the future, e.g., due to changing configurations and customer feedback. The company also wants to focus on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects.
Which maintainability sub-characteristic should be covered by the test approach during the initial development?
- A. Analysability
- B. Modularity
- C. Re-usability
- D. Modifiability
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the context of a software company in Spain developing mobile applications with an expectation of many small updates due to changing configurations and customer feedback, focusing on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects is crucial. The maintainability sub-characteristic that should be covered by the test approach during the initial development is Modifiability.
Modifiability refers to the ease with which a software product can be modified to correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. In a scenario where frequent and small updates are anticipated, ensuring that the software architecture and design support easy modification is vital. This not only aids in implementing changes more rapidly but also helps in maintaining the stability and integrity of the application, thereby preventing the introduction of new defects. The focus on modifiability ensures that the software remains responsive to customer feedback and evolving requirements without compromising on quality or performance.
NEW QUESTION # 17
As a technical test analyst, you are involved in a risk analysis session using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis technique. You are calculating risk priorities. Which of the following are the major factors in this exercise?
- A. Functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, efficiency and portability
- B. Severity and priority
- C. Financial damage, frequency of use and external visibility
- D. Likelihood and impact
Answer: D
Explanation:
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a structured approach to identify and address potential failures in a system, product, process, or service. The major factors involved in calculating risk priorities in FMEA are typically the severity of the potential failure, its likelihood of occurrence, and the ability to detect it. These factors are usually combined to form a Risk Priority Number (RPN) for each potential failure mode identified. However, the specific factors mentioned in the options like functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, efficiency, and portability are quality characteristics that could be considered in an FMEA analysis but are not directly used for calculating risk priorities. Likewise, financial damage, frequency of use, and external visibility might influence the severity or impact of a failure, but they are not standard factors in calculating risk priorities in the context of FMEA. Therefore, the most relevant factors for calculating risk priorities in an FMEA context would typically be the likelihood of the failure occurring and its potential impact, which aligns with option C: Likelihood and impact.
It's important to note that while these explanations are based on general principles and practices related to fault seeding and FMEA, the specifics might vary slightly in different contexts or with different methodologies.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Assume you are involved in testing a Health Insurance Calculation system.
At the main screen one can enter information for a new client. The information to be provided consists of last name, first name and date of birth. After confirmation of the information, the system checks the age of the potential new client and calculates a proposed premium.
The system also has the option to request information for an existing client, using the client's ID number.
A keyword-driven automation approach is being used to automate most of the regression testing.
Based on the information provided, which TWO of the options provided would be the MOST LIKELY keywords for this application? (Choose two.)
- A. Select_Client
- B. Remove_Client
- C. Exclude_Client
- D. Print_Premium
- E. Enter_Client
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Considering the functionalities described for the Health Insurance Calculation system, the keywords would represent the main actions that can be performed in the system. 'Enter_Client' would be a keyword for entering new client information, which is a primary feature of the system as described. 'Select_Client' would be used to retrieve information for an existing client using the client's ID number, which is another main functionality. Other options such as 'Remove_Client', 'Print_Premium', and 'Exclude_Client' are not explicitly mentioned in the provided system functionalities, therefore, 'Enter_Client' and 'Select_Client' are the most likely keywords for automation.
NEW QUESTION # 19
At which test level would reliability testing most likely be performed?
- A. Static testing
- B. Component testing
- C. Functional acceptance testing
- D. System testing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reliability testing is aimed at verifying the software's ability to function under expected conditions for a specified period of time. It is typically conducted during system testing, where the software is tested in its entirety to ensure that all components work together as expected in an environment that closely simulates the production environment. Reliability testing is not typically associated with static testing, component testing, or functional acceptance testing, as these levels of testing do not address the overall behavior of the system over time.
NEW QUESTION # 20
You have been assigned to perform a review on code provided below:
Which type of defect should you report as part of the code review?
- A. Too many nested levels
- B. No defects should be reported, code is correct.
- C. Endless loop
- D. Unreachable code
Answer: C
Explanation:
The code provided contains a potential endless loop. The loop is conditioned on the variable 'E' being less than 1 (IF E < 1), but within the loop, there is no operation that modifies the value of 'E'. Therefore, once the loop is entered, if the condition A > B holds true, the value of 'E' remains unchanged, leading to an endless loop situation. The decrement of 'A' in line 15 does not guarantee an exit condition for the loop, as it does not affect the value of 'E'. This is a control flow defect that could cause the program to hang or crash.
NEW QUESTION # 21
A product risk assessment has revealed the following product risks:
* lack of usability requirements
* security during on-line transactions
* perceived performance of the system and response time from the user interface
* a required availability of almost 100%
To address the 4th risk, which of the following quality characteristics for technical testing should be part of the test approach?
- A. Reliability
- B. Portability
- C. Compatibility
- D. Adaptability
Answer: A
Explanation:
To address the product risk of requiring an availability of almost 100%, the quality characteristic of reliability should be part of the test approach. Reliability testing focuses on the ability of the system to perform under expected conditions for a specified period of time. It is essential for systems that need to be operational continuously or near-continuously. This characteristic encompasses the system's uptime, fault tolerance, recoverability, and the ability to perform under anticipated conditions, all of which are relevant to maintaining high availability.
NEW QUESTION # 22
A major Caribbean bank typically develops their own banking software using an Agile methodology. However, for some specific components COTS software is acquired and used. The bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier.
As part of the test approach, portability testing will be performed. Which portability sub-characteristic is especially relevant for the Caribbean bank?
- A. Co-existence
- B. Replaceability
- C. In stall ability
- D. Adaptability
Answer: B
Explanation:
Portability testing is concerned with how well software can be transferred from one environment to another. In the context of a bank using COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software, the sub-characteristic of replaceability becomes particularly relevant. This is because the bank does not want to create a dependency on any external COTS supplier, meaning it should be able to replace the software with another product without significant effort or operational disruption. Replaceability ensures that if needed, the bank can switch to different software, thereby mitigating the risk of supplier dependency.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following is NOT a common issue with traditional capture/playback test automation?
- A. Difficult to maintain when software changes.
- B. Execution of the recorded script is difficult outside office hours.
- C. Recorded scripts are difficult to maintain by non-technical persons.
- D. Data and actions are mixed in the recorded script.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Common issues with traditional capture/playback test automation include difficulty in maintaining the scripts when software changes (option A), the challenge for non-technical persons to maintain recorded scripts (option B), and the issue that data and actions are often intertwined within the recorded script (option C), which can make them hard to understand and modify. However, the timing of the execution of the recorded script (option D), such as the difficulty of running scripts outside office hours, is not typically a problem inherent to capture/playback test automation itself but rather an environmental or scheduling issue.
NEW QUESTION # 24
A component has been analysed during a risk-assessment and rated as highly critical. Which of the following white-box test techniques provides the highest level of coverage and could therefore be used to test this component?
- A. Multiple condition testing
- B. Statement testing
- C. Modified condition/decision testing
- D. Decision testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Modified condition/decision testing (MC/DC) provides a higher level of coverage compared to other white-box testing techniques because it requires each condition in a decision to be shown to independently affect that decision's outcome. It is more rigorous than both decision testing (which only requires each decision's possible outcomes to be tested) and statement testing (which requires only each executable statement to be executed). Therefore, for a highly critical component, MC/DC is more appropriate as it ensures a more thorough assessment of the logic in the software component.
NEW QUESTION # 25
At which test level would performance efficiency testing most likely be performed?
- A. Integration testing
- B. Component testing
- C. System testing
- D. User acceptance testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Performance efficiency testing is most commonly associated with system testing. This is the level at which the complete, integrated system is evaluated, and it is typically where performance, load, and stress testing are conducted to assess the system's behavior under various conditions and loads. Performance efficiency testing at this level helps to ensure that the system meets the necessary performance criteria as a whole.
NEW QUESTION # 26
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