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NEW QUESTION # 40
What is a benefit of a firm extending credit to customers in a competitive market?
- A. Immediate cash inflows from sales
- B. Reduced customer base due to credit terms
- C. Increased sales to non-cash buyers
- D. Decreased sales due to increased prices
Answer: C
Explanation:
Extending credit allows firms to attract customers who are unable or unwilling to pay cash at the time of purchase. In competitive markets, offering favorable credit terms can increase sales volume, improve customer relationships, and enhance market share. While credit sales delay cash inflows and introduce default risk, they can generate higher revenues and profits if managed properly. Financial management texts stress the importance of balancing increased sales against the costs of credit, including collection expenses and bad debt losses. Option C correctly identifies the primary strategic benefit of extending credit in competitive environments.
NEW QUESTION # 41
What distinguishes free cash flow to equity (FCFE) from free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)?
- A. FCFE measures cash distributable to equity holders after all obligations are met, including debt payments.
- B. FCFE includes depreciation, amortization, and other non-cash expenses, while FCFF does not.
- C. FCFE represents the total cash flow from operations that is available at the end of the period.
- D. FCFE is distributable only to debt holders, whereas FCFF is distributable only to equity holders.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Free cash flow concepts are central to valuation. Free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) represents cash available to all capital providers-both debt and equity-before interest and principal repayments. In contrast, free cash flow to equity (FCFE) measures the cash available exclusively to common shareholders after all operating expenses, capital expenditures, working capital needs, and debt obligations (interest and principal) have been satisfied. This distinction determines which discount rate analysts use: FCFF is discounted at the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), while FCFE is discounted at the cost of equity. FCFE is especially useful when valuing equity directly or when a firm's leverage is stable and predictable. Option C correctly captures this defining difference, while the other options misstate cash flow allocation or confuse accounting adjustments with distributable cash.
NEW QUESTION # 42
What is the earnings yield of a stock with earnings per share (EPS) of $2 and a market price of $40?
- A. 89%
- B. 50%
- C. 20%
- D. 5%
Answer: D
Explanation:
Earnings yield measures the earnings generated by a stock relative to its current market price. It is calculated as Earnings per Share divided by Market Price per Share. In this question, the stock has EPS of $2 and a market price of $40, so the earnings yield is $2 ÷ $40 = 0.05, or 5%. This makes answer A correct. Earnings yield is closely related to the price-earnings ratio because it is effectively the inverse of the P/E ratio. If a stock has a high P/E ratio, its earnings yield will be low, and vice versa. Financial analysts use earnings yield to compare the income-generating power of stocks and to assess whether a stock appears relatively expensive or inexpensive compared with alternatives such as bonds or other equities. However, earnings yield should not be used alone because earnings can be temporary, manipulated by accounting choices, or affected by unusual items. From a financial management standpoint, it is one of several valuation tools that helps investors judge expected return relative to price. Therefore, 5% is the correct result and A is the correct answer.
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NEW QUESTION # 43
Why should a firm not carry too much cash?
- A. To keep the cash ratio at a low level for financial reporting purposes
- B. To avoid incurring large opportunity costs
- C. To guard against the higher interest payments associated with large cash balances
- D. To prevent the need to pay higher taxes on cash holdings
Answer: B
Explanation:
A firm should avoid holding too much cash because excess cash creates opportunity costs. Cash is highly liquid and useful for transactions, precautionary needs, and flexibility, but it normally earns a lower return than productive investments such as equipment, expansion projects, debt reduction, or marketable securities with higher yields. When a company keeps more cash than needed for operations and risk management, it sacrifices the potential return that those funds could have earned elsewhere. Financial management emphasizes balancing liquidity against profitability. Too little cash can create distress and limit the ability to pay obligations on time, while too much cash can weaken overall performance by leaving resources idle.
Choice C is correct because opportunity cost is the most direct financial drawback of excessive cash balances.
Choice A is incorrect because firms do not pay interest simply for holding cash. Choice B is also incorrect because cash itself does not automatically create higher taxes in the way described. Choice D is not a valid financial objective. Therefore, C is the correct answer because unused cash can reduce shareholder value when it is not deployed in higher-return uses.
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NEW QUESTION # 44
A financial analyst is trying to understand the return that shareholders of a stock receive through dividend payments. The analyst is given the following information:
Company Information-Previous Year
* Revenue: $500,000
* Net Income: $50,000
* Change in Retained Earnings: $30,000
* Change in Total Assets: $40,000
What is the amount of dividends paid during the previous year to shareholders?
- A. $50,000
- B. $20,000
- C. $30,000
- D. $40,000
Answer: B
Explanation:
Dividends paid to shareholders can be determined by analyzing the relationship between net income and retained earnings. Net income represents the total earnings generated during the period, while retained earnings show the portion of net income that is reinvested in the company rather than distributed to shareholders. The basic relationship is:
Net Income = Dividends Paid + Increase in Retained Earnings.
In this case, net income is $50,000 and retained earnings increased by $30,000. Therefore, dividends paid must be the remaining portion of earnings:
$50,000 # $30,000 = $20,000.
The change in total assets is not directly relevant for calculating dividends, as asset growth can be financed through retained earnings, debt, or equity issuance. From a financial management perspective, this calculation helps analysts assess dividend policy, payout ratios, and the firm's balance between returning cash to shareholders and reinvesting in growth. Option A correctly identifies the dividends paid based on standard accounting relationships used in financial statement analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 45
What is a drawback of using the Gordon growth model for estimating the cost of common equity?
- A. It applies only to companies with stable dividend policies.
- B. It emphasizes short-term financial performance.
- C. It requires extensive market data analysis.
- D. It is too complex for general use.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Gordon growth model estimates the cost of common equity based on dividends, assuming dividends grow at a constant rate indefinitely. While the model is simple and intuitive, its main drawback is that it can only be applied to firms that pay dividends and have stable, predictable growth rates. Many firms-especially young, high-growth, or technology companies-either do not pay dividends or experience volatile growth, making the model inappropriate for them. Additionally, small changes in the growth rate assumption can lead to large changes in estimated equity cost, increasing sensitivity and potential estimation error. Financial management texts emphasize that while the Gordon growth model is useful for mature, dividend-paying firms, it lacks flexibility across industries and life-cycle stages. Option D correctly identifies this key limitation.
NEW QUESTION # 46
What is a limitation of using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to estimate the cost of common equity?
- A. It requires historical financial data.
- B. It applies only to technology companies.
- C. It does not consider the market return.
- D. It is overly simplistic in its assumptions.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is widely used to estimate the cost of common equity because of its clear risk-return framework. However, a major limitation is that it relies on several simplifying assumptions that may not hold in real-world markets. CAPM assumes investors are rational, markets are frictionless, all investors have the same expectations, and that a single factor-systematic risk measured by beta-fully explains expected returns. In reality, markets are affected by taxes, transaction costs, information asymmetry, and multiple sources of risk. Empirical evidence also suggests that factors such as firm size, value characteristics, and momentum can influence returns beyond beta alone. Because of these limitations, CAPM may underestimate or overestimate the true cost of equity for certain firms. Financial managers therefore often supplement CAPM with other models or judgment when estimating required returns. Option C correctly captures this fundamental limitation recognized in financial management theory.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Alliah Company produces vaccines at its pharmaceutical facility near a river. It is considering expanding its operations by building a second facility next to the first. The company holds a public hearing to discuss an extra investment it will make to minimize pollution and keep the river clean and thriving for the native wildlife.
How does this effort support the overall goal of the firm?
- A. Alliah Company is considering the long-term impact on shareholder value and the company's social responsibility to all stakeholders-including the environment and local community.
- B. Alliah Company is seeking to focus initially on maximizing value to the shareholders-or owners-of the firm, and the extra costs to prevent pollution will increase the immediate earnings available for owners.
- C. Alliah Company is focusing on consumers first and foremost to create the greatest value for the company. Reducing this pollution will directly improve the quality of products the company creates.
- D. Alliah Company is ensuring this action will reduce immediate costs to maximize employee engagement and earnings-because the ultimate goal of a company is employee-oriented.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The firm's overarching financial objective is typically framed as maximizing long-term shareholder value, not just short-term profits. Actions that reduce environmental harm can support this objective by lowering the probability of costly future liabilities (fines, cleanup costs, lawsuits), reducing regulatory risk, and protecting the firm's "license to operate" granted by the community and government. In financial management terms, managers consider not only immediate cash outflows (the pollution-control investment) but also the present value of avoided future cash outflows and the stability of future cash inflows. A public hearing also reflects stakeholder orientation: communities, regulators, customers, and employees affect the firm's risk profile and operating continuity. Protecting the river can strengthen corporate reputation, reduce political and legal pressure, and improve long- run competitive position-all of which can raise the expected future free cash flows or lower the firm's perceived risk (and therefore its required return). Option C best captures the standard finance view that ethical and socially responsible decisions can align with value maximization when they manage risk and support sustainable, long-term performance.
NEW QUESTION # 48
How does a competitive sale of bonds work?
- A. The underwriter is selected by the issuing firm based on a thorough interview process.
- B. Underwriters negotiate directly with the issuing firm on price and interest rate.
- C. Underwriters submit bids, and the firm selects one based on price and interest rate.
- D. The underwriter purchases bonds at a fixed rate determined by the government.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In a competitive bond sale, the issuer invites multiple underwriters (often investment banks) to bid on underwriting the bond issue. Each underwriting group proposes terms-commonly including the interest cost to the issuer (true interest cost or net interest cost), pricing, and underwriting spread. The issuer then selects the bid that provides the most favorable overall financing terms, typically the lowest borrowing cost for the desired structure and risk profile. This process is designed to create market competition among underwriters, which can reduce underwriting costs and improve pricing efficiency-especially when the issuer is well-known and the bond issue is relatively standard. This differs from a negotiated sale (option A), where the issuer works directly with a chosen underwriter to set terms through discussion rather than competitive bidding. Option C describes how an issuer might choose firms to participate, but it is not the defining mechanism of a competitive sale. Option D is incorrect because governments do not set fixed rates for corporate bond underwriting; pricing is determined by market conditions, issuer credit risk, investor demand, and the competitive bidding process itself.
NEW QUESTION # 49
How does company size relate to capital structure in terms of access to financing options?
- A. Smaller companies are better able to access lower costs of capital for debt.
- B. Smaller firms have better access to secured loans.
- C. Larger companies are more reliant on internal financing.
- D. Larger firms often have broader access to both debt and equity markets.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Company size has a significant effect on capital structure because larger firms generally have better access to external financing markets. Large companies often have more stable cash flows, broader operating histories, stronger credit profiles, and greater name recognition among investors and lenders. As a result, they are more likely to obtain financing from both debt markets and equity markets on favorable terms. They may be able to issue bonds publicly, negotiate better loan agreements, and attract equity investors more easily than smaller firms. In contrast, smaller firms often face more information asymmetry, less predictable earnings, and fewer financing alternatives, which can increase their cost of capital and limit access to long-term funding. Choice A is too narrow and not generally true. Choice C is incorrect because larger firms are usually less dependent on internal financing, not more. Choice D is also incorrect because smaller firms often face higher borrowing costs due to greater perceived risk. Financial management theory recognizes firm size as an important determinant of financing flexibility and capital structure. Therefore, B is correct because larger firms typically enjoy broader and cheaper access to both debt and equity capital.
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NEW QUESTION # 50
What does a beta of less than 1 signify in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)?
- A. The investment has a return that is independent of the market.
- B. The investment has lower risk than the market.
- C. The investment is risk-free.
- D. The investment has higher risk than the market.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A beta less than 1 indicates that an investment has lower systematic risk than the overall market. Such securities tend to experience smaller fluctuations in response to market movements. Defensive stocks- such as utilities or consumer staples-often exhibit betas below one because their revenues are relatively stable across economic cycles. In CAPM, lower beta implies lower required return, reflecting reduced exposure to market-wide risk. Importantly, a beta below one does not mean the investment is risk-free; it still carries firm-specific (unsystematic) risk. Option B correctly describes the implication of a beta less than one within capital market theory.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Synesthor is a company developing artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the searchability of medical research and make it easier for physicians to access the best knowledge for healthcare. As the company is setting its key objectives for the next period, it recognizes there are many stakeholders it serves.
If Synesthor focuses on what has traditionally been the primary goal of most companies, where will Synesthor center its efforts?
- A. Focusing solely on customer satisfaction
- B. Expanding the company globally
- C. Maximizing shareholder value
- D. Increasing employee satisfaction
Answer: C
Explanation:
Traditional corporate finance defines the primary objective of most firms-especially publicly held corporations-as maximizing shareholder wealth (shareholder value). This goal is operationalized by making decisions that increase the present value of expected future cash flows available to owners, adjusted for risk. While stakeholders such as employees, customers, communities, and regulators matter, the "shareholder value" framework treats them as critical constraints and drivers of long-term cash flow rather than the ultimate objective itself. For example, investing in employee satisfaction can improve productivity and retention; investing in customer satisfaction can increase revenues and reduce churn; and expanding globally can open new markets. However, under the traditional view, these actions are chosen because they enhance long-run free cash flow or reduce risk-thereby raising firm value-rather than because they are the final goal. In practice, managers translate this objective into measurable targets: profitable growth, margin improvement, efficient capital allocation, and disciplined investment appraisal (positive NPV projects). Therefore, the most accurate answer is that Synesthor will center its efforts on maximizing shareholder value, while balancing stakeholder considerations as part of sustaining competitive advantage and protecting the firm's future cash flows.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which type of security has voting rights associated with it?
- A. Secured bond
- B. Convertible note
- C. Preferred stock
- D. Common stock
Answer: D
Explanation:
Voting rights are a defining characteristic of common stock and represent ownership and control in a corporation. Holders of common stock typically have the right to vote on key corporate matters such as electing the board of directors, approving major mergers or acquisitions, and authorizing significant changes to corporate governance. These rights align with the role of shareholders as residual claimants, meaning they receive what is left after all other obligations-such as debt and preferred dividends-are met. Preferred stockholders usually do not have voting rights under normal conditions, as preferred stock is structured to resemble a hybrid between debt and equity, emphasizing fixed dividend payments rather than control. Bondholders and holders of convertible notes are creditors, not owners, and therefore have no voting power in corporate decisions. From a financial management perspective, voting rights are a key factor in ownership structure, agency relationships, and corporate governance.
Option D correctly identifies common stock as the security that carries voting rights.
NEW QUESTION # 53
A building owner is undertaking a weatherization project. The owner will make a one-time investment of
$410,000 for caulking, sunshades, and smart thermostats. Annual utility savings are projected to be:
* Year 1: $125,000
* Year 2: $125,000
* Year 3: $140,000
* Year 4: $140,000
* Year 5: $160,000
What is thepayback period, in years?(Round up)
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
The payback period measures how long it takes for a project's cumulative cash inflows to recover the initial investment. It is a simple capital budgeting technique commonly used as a preliminary screening tool.
Although it does not account for the time value of money or cash flows beyond the cutoff period, it is useful for assessing liquidity and risk exposure.
Cumulative cash flows are calculated as follows:
* End of Year 1: $125,000
* End of Year 2: $250,000
* End of Year 3: $390,000
* End of Year 4: $530,000
The initial investment of $410,000 is recovered sometime during Year 4. Because the question instructs to round up, the payback period is reported as 4 years. Financial management textbooks emphasize that while payback should not be used alone to accept or reject projects, it provides insight into how quickly invested capital is recovered, which is especially relevant for projects with uncertainty or liquidity constraints.
NEW QUESTION # 54
Why might investors choose to invest in junk bonds?
- A. They offer guaranteed returns with minimal risk.
- B. They always outperform the stock market in terms of returns.
- C. They are backed by government guarantees.
- D. They offer the potential for higher returns in exchange for higher risk.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Junk bonds, also known as high-yield bonds, are issued by firms with lower credit ratings and therefore higher default risk. To compensate investors for this additional risk, these bonds offer higher interest rates than investment-grade bonds. From a financial management and portfolio perspective, investors may include junk bonds to enhance portfolio returns, particularly when they believe default risk is overstated or when economic conditions are favorable. Junk bonds do not guarantee returns and are not backed by government guarantees, making options A and D incorrect. They also do not consistently outperform equities, especially during periods of financial stress. Option B accurately reflects the risk- return tradeoff that underpins investment decisions in capital market theory: higher expected returns are associated with higher risk.
NEW QUESTION # 55
How does country risk affect global financial management decisions?
- A. It reduces the complexity of international investments.
- B. It necessitates strategies to mitigate potential losses from instability or unfavorable policies.
- C. It only affects firms with domestic operations facing international competition.
- D. It is typically considered irrelevant in financial planning since it is unpredictable.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Country risk refers to the possibility that political, economic, legal, or social conditions in a foreign country will negatively affect a firm's operations and cash flows. In global financial management, this risk directly influences investment appraisal, financing choices, and risk management policies. For capital budgeting, higher country risk can lower expected cash flows (e.g., through capital controls, expropriation risk, supply disruptions, or taxation changes) and/or increase the discount rate applied to foreign projects. For financing, lenders and investors demand higher returns in riskier jurisdictions, affecting borrowing costs and feasible capital structures. Firms respond by using mitigation strategies such as diversification across countries, contractual protections, political risk insurance, careful partner selection, staging investments, and hedging currency exposures when relevant. Country risk also drives decisions about where to locate production, how to structure subsidiaries, and whether to denominate contracts and debt in local or hard currencies. Because country conditions can materially change expected outcomes, it is a core planning input rather than irrelevant or simplifying, making option A the correct statement.
NEW QUESTION # 56
A company is expected to pay a dividend of $2 next year, and dividends are expected to grow at 5% per year indefinitely. The required rate of return on the company's stock is 10%.
What is the value of the stock using the Gordon growth model?
- A. $61
- B. $20
- C. $40
- D. $15
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Gordon growth model values a stock assuming dividends grow at a constant rate indefinitely. The formula is:
Stock Value = D# ÷ (r # g),
where D# is the expected dividend next year, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
Substituting the values:
$2 ÷ (0.10 # 0.05) = $2 ÷ 0.05 = $40.
This model is widely used in valuation for mature companies with stable dividend growth. It highlights the sensitivity of stock value to growth expectations and required returns. Option C correctly applies the Gordon growth model formula.
NEW QUESTION # 57
What is the main responsibility of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)?
- A. Insuring investor deposits
- B. Regulating brokerage firms and exchange markets
- C. Overseeing the issuance of currency
- D. Regulating the Federal Reserve
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a self-regulatory organization responsible for overseeing brokerage firms and registered securities representatives in the United States. Its primary mission is to protect investors and ensure market integrity by enforcing rules governing ethical conduct, disclosure, trading practices, and licensing. FINRA operates under the oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), creating a regulatory structure that combines federal authority with industry expertise. Unlike the FDIC, FINRA does not insure deposits, and unlike the Federal Reserve, it does not manage monetary policy or issue currency. Financial management texts emphasize FINRA's role in supervising broker-dealers, administering qualification exams, and resolving disputes through arbitration and mediation. Option A correctly identifies FINRA's core responsibility.
NEW QUESTION # 58
What is a holding cost in inventory management?
- A. The expense associated with the potential damage or price changes of inventory
- B. The time incurred until accounts receivable are collected from inventory sold
- C. The discount given to customers for bulk purchases of inventory
- D. The purchase of equipment to turn material into finished inventory
Answer: A
Explanation:
Holding cost, also called carrying cost, refers to the costs a firm incurs by keeping inventory on hand over time. These costs include storage, insurance, obsolescence, deterioration, spoilage, and the risk of price declines or damage. In addition, financial management often includes the opportunity cost of capital tied up in inventory as part of carrying cost. The key idea is that inventory is not free to hold; it uses space, requires protection, and can lose value while sitting unsold. Choice D is correct because it captures an important category of holding cost: the expense related to damage or unfavorable price changes. Choice A is incorrect because a discount to customers is a selling decision, not a holding cost. Choice B describes a production investment rather than an inventory carrying cost. Choice C relates more to receivables collection than to inventory holding. Effective inventory management aims to balance holding costs against ordering costs and stockout risk. Therefore, D is the correct answer because holding costs arise from maintaining inventory and facing the risk that stored goods may deteriorate, become obsolete, or lose value over time.
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NEW QUESTION # 59
Ratios for Freedom Rock Bicycles are shown below, along with industry average ratios.
What are appropriate recommendations for Freedom Rock Bicycles based on this analysis?
- A. To increase production expenses and invest in more assets
- B. To reduce non-production expenses and evaluate the company's fixed costs
- C. To maintain current operating expenses and reduce asset levels to be in line with the industry
- D. To focus solely on increasing gross margins to match industry levels
Answer: B
Explanation:
The data show that Freedom Rock Bicycles has gross margins comparable to or slightly above the industry but significantly lower operating margins. This indicates that the problem is not production efficiency or cost of goods sold, but rather operating expenses such as selling, general, and administrative costs or fixed overhead. Additionally, asset turnover is roughly in line with industry averages, suggesting that asset utilization is not the primary issue. From a financial management perspective, when gross margin is healthy but operating margin lags, the logical focus is on controlling non-production costs and evaluating fixed cost structures. Reducing unnecessary overhead, improving operating efficiency, or restructuring fixed expenses can directly improve operating margin and overall profitability. Option C best reflects this targeted, ratio-driven recommendation. The other options either misdiagnose the problem or focus on areas already performing adequately relative to peers.
NEW QUESTION # 60
How do financial markets reduce the cost for companies to obtain financing from the sale of equity?
- A. By providing liquidity for securities to be sold
- B. By limiting the number of trades per day for each security
- C. By ensuring all trades are made
- D. By reducing the total number of trades that occur
Answer: A
Explanation:
Financial markets reduce the cost of obtaining equity financing primarily by providing liquidity. Liquidity means that investors can buy and sell securities quickly and with relatively low transaction costs. When investors know they can easily sell shares in an active market, they are more willing to purchase newly issued stock in the first place. This stronger investor demand helps firms raise capital more efficiently and often at a better price. In other words, a liquid market lowers the return investors require for holding the stock, which reduces the firm's cost of equity capital. This is important in financial management because a lower cost of capital increases the number of investment projects that can create value for shareholders. The other choices do not explain the real benefit of organized financial markets. Merely ensuring all trades are made does not address financing cost. Limiting or reducing the number of trades would generally make markets less efficient and less liquid, not more attractive to investors. Therefore, C is the correct answer because liquidity is one of the key services financial markets provide, and it directly supports firms' ability to raise equity capital at a lower cost.
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NEW QUESTION # 61
Rusty RoboTech, a robotics technology company, has provided the following financial information for the year 20X3:
* Sales Revenue: $500,000
* Net Income: $50,000
* Dividend Payout: 40% of Net Income
* Total Assets at the beginning of 20X3: $300,000
* Total Liabilities at the beginning of 20X3: $150,000
* Equity at the beginning of 20X3: $150,000
* Historical Cash-to-Sales Ratio: 5%
* Accounts Receivable-to-Sales Ratio: 15%
* Inventory-to-Sales Ratio: 25%
* Cost of Goods Sold-to-Sales Ratio: 43%
For the year 20X4, Rusty RoboTech projects a 20% increase in sales revenue. Other ratios and the dividend policy are expected to remain the same.
What is the projected inventory value for Rusty RoboTech at the beginning of 20X4?
- A. $140,000
- B. $150,000
- C. $130,000
- D. $120,000
Answer: B
Explanation:
Projected sales for 20X4 equal $500,000 × 1.20 = $600,000. With the inventory-to-sales ratio expected to remain constant at 25%, projected inventory equals 25% of projected sales. Thus, inventory = 0.25 ×
$600,000 = $150,000. This approach reflects common financial planning techniques where balance sheet items are forecast using stable ratios tied to sales growth. Such pro forma analysis helps managers anticipate future asset needs and financing requirements. Option D correctly applies the inventory-to- sales ratio to projected sales.
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which requirement does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) impose on company executives?
- A. Assume responsibility for the company's debts
- B. Divest all personal company shares
- C. Certify the accuracy of financial information
- D. Hold an accounting certification
Answer: C
Explanation:
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, senior executives-specifically the CEO and CFO-are required to certify that the company's financial statements fairly present the firm's financial condition and results of operations. This requirement increases executive accountability and ensures that financial reporting integrity is taken seriously at the highest level of management. False certification can result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Financial management texts emphasize that this provision aligns executive incentives with shareholder interests by making leaders directly responsible for financial transparency and accuracy. Option C correctly states this executive requirement.
NEW QUESTION # 63
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